The residual zonal flow in tokamak plasmas with a poloidal electric field

In a tokamak plasma with auxiliary heating by cyclotron waves, a poloidal electric field will be produced, and as a consequence influence the residual zonal flow(RZF) level. The poloidal electric field can also be induced through biasing electrodes at the edge region of tokamaks.Numerical evaluation for a large aspect ratio circular cross section tokamak for the electron cyclotron wave heating indicates that the RZF level decreases significantly when the poloidal electric field increases. Qualitatively, the ion cyclotron wave heating is able to increase the RZF level. It is difficult to apply the calculation to the real cyclotron wave heating experiments since we need to know factors such as the plasma profiles, the exact power deposition and the cross section geometry, etc. It is possible to use the cyclotron wave heating to control the zonal flow and then to control the turbulence level in tokamak experiments.     

基于改进粗糙集理论的SAR图像目标增强

图像增强在提高SAR图像舰船目标检测精度方面具有十分重要的意义。由于传统算法不能很好地对SAR图像进行目标增强，提出了基于改进粗糙集理论和引力场强度的目标增强算法。通过借鉴引力场相关理论知识，将粗糙集条件属性集中的梯度属性改进为引力场强度属性，从而实现对原图像的目标增强。与其他算法进行了实验比较，结果表明提出的改进算法相比于其他算法更适用于SAR图像特性，能更好地对舰船目标像素进行针对性增强，具备一定的工程应用价值。     

白云岩与砂岩致密储集体质量的差异性

白云岩与砂岩致密储集体质量参数为随机分布的连续谱系，孔隙结构、物理参数复杂多变，表征难度较大。基于铸体薄片、压汞、核磁共振、孔隙度和渗透率等测试技术，结合大量天然气勘探开发实际资料，采用统计分析对比方法，重点讨论了储层质量宏观与微观参数特征。结果表明，白云岩与砂岩致密储集体质量参数具有正态分布特征，是一种金字塔数据结构，常规储层比例一般为15%~20%，是砂岩或白云岩致密储层的“甜点”；致密砂岩储层微观孔隙发育，孔、喉连通性较好，分布比较均匀，储层孔、渗关系较好，表现为相对高孔和低渗；白云岩致密储层质量尽管具有孔、喉连通性差和孔、渗关系较差的不利因素，但也具有相对高渗、低束缚水饱和度、低排驱压力及裂缝网络发育等有利因素，天然气渗流能力较好，勘探开发潜力较大。我国发育碳酸盐岩沉积，应加强致密白云岩气藏成藏条件研究与勘探。     

Two-level intelligent modeling method for the rate of penetration in complex geological drilling process

The rate of penetration (ROP) model is of great importance in achieving a high efficiency in the complex geological drilling process. In this paper, a novel two-level intelligent modeling method is proposed for the ROP considering the drilling characteristics of data incompleteness, couplings, and strong nonlinearities. Firstly, a piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation method is introduced to complete the lost drilling data. Then, a formation drillability (FD) fusion submodel is established by using Nadaboost extreme learning machine (Nadaboost-ELM) algorithm, and the mutual information method is used to obtain the parameters, strongly correlated with the ROP. Finally, a ROP submodel is established by a neural network with radial basis function optimized by the improved particle swarm optimization (RBFNN-IPSO). This two-level ROP model is applied to a real drilling process and the proposed method shows the best performance in ROP prediction as compared with conventional methods. The proposed ROP model provides the basis for intelligent optimization and control in the complex geological drilling process.     

Mutual effects of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on MHD peristaltic transport of Jeffrey nanofluids: Tumor tissues treatment

As thermal radiation is one of the fundamental means of heat transfer, therefore, this study analyzes the impacts of thermal radiation and magnetic field on the peristaltic transport of a Jeffrey nanofluid in a nonuniform asymmetric channel. Further, Two models of viscosity are debated: Model (I), in which all parameters dependent on viscosity behave as a constant (as treated before in nanofluid research); Model (II), in which these known parameters are considered to vary with the temperature of the flow. Under the condition of long wavelength and low Reynolds number, the problem is rearranged. The resulting system of partial differential equations (PNE) is solved with aid of Mathematica 11. Furthermore, the streamline graphs are presented by significance of trapping bolus phenomenon. To emphasize the quality of solutions, comparisons between the previous results and recent published results by Reddy et al. have been made and signified. The comparisons are shown in Table 1 and are found to be in good agreement. As the thermal radiation increases, the diameter of nanoparticles rises (thermal radiation is a diminishing function of temperature, and with a decrease in the temperature, the diameter of the nanoparticles increases, that is, the size of nanoparticles increases and they become more active near malignant tumor tissues). Therefore, its work as agents for radiation remedy, produce limited radiation quantities, and selectively target malignant tumor for controlled mutilation (radiotherapy of oncology). Such a model is appropriate for the transportation of physiological flows in the arteries with heat and mass transfer (blood flow models).     

Bandgap engineering in MnPS3 and ZnPS3 for photocatalytic water splitting: A first-principles study

By virtue of their wide band gaps, the photocatalytic ability of MnPS₃ and ZnPS₃ for water splitting is subject to narrow visible light adsorption. In this work, the first-principle calculations are adopted to study the impact of biaxial strain and electric field on photocatalytic performance of MnPS₃ and ZnPS₃. Our theoretical calculations demonstrate that MnPS₃ under ?10% biaxial strain, ?5% biaxial strain and a 0.05 V/Å electric field possess appropriate band gaps and band edge positions required for photocatalytic water splitting as well as pronounced absorbance in the visible and ultraviolet spectrum. Whereas, the band structures for ZnPS₃ can not be altered significantly either by applying biaxial strain or electric field. Through the free energy change analysis, it is found that water splitting reactions on MnPS₃ under ?10% biaxial strain as well as ?5% biaxial strain can be thermodynamically spontaneous at pH 7–10 using natural sunlight.     

板栗壳黄酮结构分析及其对胰脂肪酶活力的抑制作用

在分析板栗壳黄酮结构的基础上，研究其对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用及类型。采用醇提法提取板栗壳中的黄酮，并用AB-8大孔吸附树脂进行纯化，冻干后得到的黄酮含量为（107.50±1.00）mg/g，提取得率为（5.66±0.05）%。利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱联用技术对板栗壳黄酮进行结构分析，鉴定出8 种黄酮类化合物。采用对硝基苯酚法测定胰脂肪酶活力，分别考察板栗壳黄酮对胰脂肪酶的抑制效果及不同反应条件下板栗壳黄酮对胰脂肪酶活性的影响，结果表明，板栗壳黄酮对胰脂肪酶有较好的抑制作用，半抑制浓度（half maximal inhibitory concentration，IC50）为0.074 mg/mL，且使胰脂肪酶最适pH值向碱性偏移。通过Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法确定其抑制类型为非竞争性抑制，抑制常数Ki＝53.19 mg/mL。由此可见，板栗壳黄酮是一种效果良好的胰脂肪酶抑制剂。     

A general mechanistic model for predicting the fate and transport of phthalates in indoor environments

A mechanistic model that considers particle dynamics and their effects on surface emissions and sorptions was developed to predict the fate and transport of phthalates in indoor environments. A controlled case study was conducted in a test house to evaluate the model. The model‐predicted evolving concentrations of benzyl butyl phthalate in indoor air and settled dust and on interior surfaces are in good agreement with measurements. Sensitivity analysis was performed to quantify the effects of parameter uncertainties on model predictions. The model was then applied to a typical residential environment to investigate the fate of di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and the factors that affect its transport. The predicted steady‐state DEHP concentrations were 0.14 μg/m³ in indoor air and ranged from 80 to 46 000 μg/g in settled dust on various surfaces, which are generally consistent with the measurements of previous studies in homes in different countries. An increase in the mass concentration of indoor particles may significantly enhance DEHP emission and its concentrations in air and on surfaces, whereas increasing ventilation has only a limited effect in reducing DEHP in indoor air. The influence of cleaning activities on reducing DEHP concentration in indoor air and on interior surfaces was quantified, and the results showed that DEHP exposure can be reduced by frequent and effective cleaning activities and the removal of existing sources, though it may take a relatively long period of time for the levels to drop significantly. Finally, the model was adjusted to identify the relative contributions of gaseous sorption and particulate‐bound deposition to the overall uptake of semi‐volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) by indoor surfaces as functions of time and the octanol‐air partition coefficient (K_oa) of the chemical. Overall, the model clarifies the mechanisms that govern the emission of phthalates and the subsequent interactions among air, suspended particles, settled dust, and interior surfaces. This model can be easily extended to incorporate additional indoor source materials/products, sorption surfaces, particle sources, and room spaces. It can also be modified to predict the fate and transport of other SVOCs, such as phthalate‐alternative plasticizers, flame retardants, and biocides, and serves to improve our understanding of human exposure to SVOCs in indoor environments.     

小型无线场强探测传感器研究

近年来,微波加热因其高效性和清洁无污染等优点广泛应用于各个领域。然而,微波加热的不均匀性限制了微波作为高效加热能源的应用。通过测量和分析加热腔中的电场分布情况可以帮助设计人员改进微波加热腔体设计,提高微波加热的均匀性。现有的场强测量设备均为有线设备,应用场景极为有限。因此,本文提出了一种由探头、接收机和上位机三部分组成的无线场强探测传感器。介绍了无线场强探测传感器的结构和原理,采用横电磁波小室进行校准。通过一系列测量实验表明实测值与标准场强仪测量值一致性较好,可满足工程测量需求。     

新工科背景下电子通信专业“人工智能技术基础”课程改革实践

人工智能技术已经成为新一轮科技革命的重要驱动力量，这要求电子、通信等非计算机专业的人才培养引入针对性强的人工智能课程教学。本文针对新工科背景下电子、通信专业“人工智能技术基础”课程存在的问题进行课程改革，从授课和实验两个环节入手，分别从教学内容、教学方法和考核办法三个方面提出了具体的改革举措，并在“人工智能技术基础”课程中进行了实践，激发了学生的学习热情，拓展了学生的专业视野，提高了学生的实践创新能力，取得了良好的教学效果。为了进一步培养电子、通信学科交叉型AI人才，该课程选拔优秀学生开展丰富的人工智能课外实践活动，进一步提升学生的实践创新能力。